CHAPTER 687

687.01 Rate of interest in absence of contract.

History. — s. 1, ch. 1483, 1866; ss. 1, 2, ch. 1562, 1866; RS 2320; GS 3103; RGS 4849; CGL 6936; s. 1, ch. 22745, 1945; s. 1, ch. 82-42; s. 10, ch. 94-239.

687.02 “Usurious contracts” defined.

(1) All contracts for the payment of interest upon any loan, advance of money, line of credit, or forbearance to enforce the collection of any debt, or upon any obligation whatever, at a higher rate of interest than the equivalent of 18 percent per annum simple interest are hereby declared usurious. However, if such loan, advance of money, line of credit, forbearance to enforce the collection of a debt, or obligation exceeds $500,000 in amount or value, then no contract to pay interest thereon is usurious unless the rate of interest exceeds the rate prescribed in s. 687.071.

(2) As amended by

chapter 79-592, Laws of Florida,

chapter 79-274, Laws of Florida, which amended subsection (1):

History. — s. 1, ch. 4022, 1891; GS 3104; s. 1, ch. 5960, 1909; RGS 4850; CGL 6937; s. 1, ch. 29705, 1955; s. 1, ch. 73-298; ss. 12, 15, ch. 79-274; s. 1, ch. 79-592; s. 1, ch. 80-310.

687.03 “Unlawful rates of interest” defined; proviso.

(1) Except as provided herein, it shall be usury and unlawful for any person, or for any agent, officer, or other representative of any person, to reserve, charge, or take for any loan, advance of money, line of credit, forbearance to enforce the collection of any sum of money, or other obligation a rate of interest greater than the equivalent of 18 percent per annum simple interest, either directly or indirectly, by way of commission for advances, discounts, or exchange, or by any contract, contrivance, or device whatever whereby the debtor is required or obligated to pay a sum of money greater than the actual principal sum received, together with interest at the rate of the equivalent of 18 percent per annum simple interest.

However, if any loan, advance of money, line of credit, forbearance to enforce the collection of a debt, or obligation exceeds $500,000 in amount or value, it shall not be usury or unlawful to reserve, charge, or take interest thereon unless the rate of interest exceeds the rate prescribed in s. 687.071. The provisions of this

section shall not apply to sales of bonds in excess of $100 and mortgages securing the same, or money loaned on bonds.

(2)(

a) The provisions of this

section and of s. 687.02 shall not apply to loans or other advances of credit made pursuant to:

(3) For the purpose of this chapter, the rate of interest on any loan, advance of money, line of credit, forbearance to enforce the collection of a debt, or other obligation to pay interest shall be determined and computed upon the assumption that the debt will be paid according to the agreed terms, whether or not said loan, advance of money, line of credit, forbearance to enforce collection of a debt, or other obligation is paid or collected by court action prior to its term, and any payment or property charged, reserved, or taken as an advance or forbearance, which is in the nature of, and taken into account in the calculation of, interest shall be valued as of the date received and shall be spread over the stated term of the loan, advance of money, line of credit, forbearance to enforce collection of a debt, or other obligation for the purpose of determining the rate of interest.

The spreading of any such advance or forbearance for the purpose of computing the rate of interest shall be calculated by first computing the advance or forbearance as a percentage of the total stated amount of such loan, advance of money, line of credit, forbearance to enforce collection of a debt, or other obligation. This percentage shall then be divided by the number of years, and fractions thereof, of the loan, advance of money, line of credit, forbearance to enforce collection of a debt, or other obligation according to its stated maturity date, without regard to early maturity in the event of default.

The resulting annual percentage rate shall then be added to the stated annual percentage rate of interest to produce the effective rate of interest for purposes of this chapter. Moreover, for the purposes of this chapter, a loan, advance of money, line of credit, forbearance, or other obligation shall be deemed to exceed $500,000 in amount or value if:

(4) If, as provided in subsection (3), a loan, advance of money, line of credit, forbearance, or other obligation exceeds $500,000, then, for the purposes of this chapter, interest on that loan, advance of money, line of credit, forbearance, or other obligation shall not include the value of property charged, reserved, or taken as an advance or forbearance, the value of which substantially depends on the success of the venture in which are used the proceeds of that loan, advance of money, line of credit, forbearance, or other obligation.

Stock options and interests in profits, receipts, or residual values are examples of the type of property the value of which would be excluded from calculation of interest under the preceding sentence.

(5) As amended by

chapter 79-592, Laws of Florida,

chapter 79-274, Laws of Florida, which amended subsection (1):

History. — s. 2, ch. 4022, 1891; GS 3105; s. 2, ch. 5960, 1909; RGS 4851; CGL 6938; s. 2, ch. 29705, 1955; s. 1, ch. 70-331; s. 2, ch. 73-298; s. 1, ch. 74-232; ss. 1, 2, ch. 76-124; s. 1, ch. 77-374; s. 1, ch. 78-211; ss. 13, 15, ch. 79-274; s. 258, ch. 79-400; s. 1, ch. 79-592; s. 2, ch. 80-310; s. 34, ch. 93-268; s. 4, ch. 95-234.

687.0303 “Line of credit” defined.

(1) The term “line of credit,” whenever used in this chapter, means an arrangement under which one or more loans or advances of money may be made available to a debtor in one transaction or a series of related transactions.

(2) The Legislature hereby declares that, as a matter of law, “line of credit,” as such term is defined in this section, is deemed to have been included in and governed by the provisions of this

chapter as it existed prior to, on, and subsequent to July 1, 1979.

History. — ss. 2, 3, ch. 80-310.

687.0304 Credit agreements.

(1) DEFINITIONS. —

(2) CREDIT AGREEMENTS TO BE IN WRITING. —

(3) ACTIONS NOT CONSIDERED AGREEMENTS. —

History. — s. 1, ch. 89-130.

687.031 Construction, ss. 687.02 and 687.03.

History. — s. 3, ch. 29705, 1955.

687.04 Penalty for usury; not to apply in certain situations.

(1) To a bona fide endorsee or transferee of negotiable paper purchased before maturity, unless the usurious character should appear upon its face, or unless the said endorsee or transferee shall have had actual notice of the same before the purchase of such paper, but in such event double the amount of such usurious interest may be recovered after payment, by action against the party originally exacting the same, in any court of competent jurisdiction in this state, together with an attorney’s fee, as provided in s. 687.06; or

(2) If, prior to the institution of an action by the borrower or the filing of a defense under this

chapter by the borrower or receipt of written notice by the lender from the borrower that usury has been charged or collected, the lender notifies the borrower of the usurious overcharge and refunds the amount of any overcharge taken, plus interest on the overcharge taken at the maximum lawful rate in effect at the time the usurious interest was taken, to the borrower and makes whatever adjustments in the appropriate contract or account as are necessary to ensure that the borrower will not be required to pay further interest in excess of the amount permitted by s. 687.03.

History. — s. 3, ch. 4022, 1891; GS 3106; s. 3, ch. 5960, 1909; RGS 4852; CGL 6939; s. 1, ch. 79-90.

687.05 Provisions for payment of attorney’s fees.

History. — s. 2, ch. 4374, 1895; GS 3107; RGS 4853; CGL 6940.

687.06 Attorney’s fee in enforcing nonusurious contracts; proviso; insurance premiums; attorney’s fee provided in note.

History. — s. 4, ch. 5960, 1909; s. 1, ch. 6870, 1915; RGS 4854; CGL 6941; s. 26, ch. 73-334.

687.071 Criminal usury, loan sharking.

(1) DEFINITIONS. —

(2) Unless otherwise specifically allowed by law, any person making an extension of credit to any person, who shall willfully and knowingly charge, take, or receive interest thereon at a rate exceeding 25 percent per annum but not in excess of 45 percent per annum, or the equivalent rate for a longer or shorter period of time, whether directly or indirectly, or conspires so to do, commits a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

(3) Unless otherwise specifically allowed by law, any person making an extension of credit to any person, who shall willfully and knowingly charge, take, or receive interest thereon at a rate exceeding 45 percent per annum or the equivalent rate for a longer or shorter period of time, whether directly or indirectly or conspire so to do, commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

(4) Any person who shall knowingly and willfully make an extortionate extension of credit to any person or conspire so to do commits a felony of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084. In any prosecution under this subsection, evidence that the creditor then had a reputation in the debtor’s community for the use or threat of use of violence or other criminal means to cause harm to the person, reputation, or property of any person to collect extensions of credit or to punish the nonrepayment thereof shall be admissible.

(5) Books of account or other documents recording extensions of credit in violation of subsections (3) or (4) are declared to be contraband, and any person, other than a public officer in the performance of his or her duty, and other than the person charged such usurious interest and person acting on his or her behalf, who shall knowingly and willfully possess or maintain such books of account or other documents, or conspire so to do, commits a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

(6) No person shall be excused from attending and testifying or producing any books, paper, or other document before any court upon any investigation, proceeding, or trial, for any violation of this

section upon the ground or for the reason that the testimony or evidence, documentary or otherwise, required of the person may tend to convict him or her of a crime or subject the person to a penalty or forfeiture, but no person shall be prosecuted or subjected to any penalty or forfeiture for or on account of any transaction, matter, or thing concerning which he or she may so testify or produce evidence, documentary or otherwise, and no testimony so given or produced shall be received against the person upon any criminal investigation or proceeding.

(7) No extension of credit made in violation of any of the provisions of this

section shall be an enforceable debt in the courts of this state.

History. — s. 1, ch. 69-135; s. 676, ch. 71-136; s. 747, ch. 97-102; s. 1, ch. 2009-22.

687.08 Person lending money to give borrower receipt for payments; contents of receipt; penalty for violation.

(1) Every person, or the agent, officer, or other representative of any person, lending money in this state upon security shall, whenever the borrower of such money makes a payment of any money, either principal or interest, immediately upon such payment being made, give to the borrower a receipt, dated of the date of such payment, which receipt shall state the amount paid and for what such payment is made. If such payment is for interest on the sum borrowed, the receipt shall so state. If the sum so paid is to be applied to the payment of the principal sum borrowed, the receipt shall so state.

Every such receipt shall be duly and properly signed by the person, or the agent, officer, or other representative of the person, to whom such money is paid. In lieu of providing such receipt, a lender may furnish to the borrower an annual statement showing the amount of interest paid on the loan during the previous year as well as the remaining balance on the loan; except that a simple receipt shall be given to the borrower for each payment which is made in cash or for any payment for which receipt is requested in writing by the borrower.

(2) Whoever refuses, upon demand, to give a receipt or statement complying with the requirements of this

section shall forfeit the entire interest upon such principal sum to the borrower.

History. — s. 6, ch. 5960, 1909; RGS 4856; CGL 6943; s. 4, ch. 84-193.

687.09 Persons accepting chattel mortgage as security for loans under $100 to cause amount as principal, interest, and fees to be inserted.

History. — s. 7, ch. 5960, 1909; RGS 4857; CGL 6944.

687.10 Not applicable to chartered banks, trust companies, building and loan associations, savings and loan associations, or insurance companies.

History. — s. 8, ch. 5960, 1909; RGS 4858; CGL 6945; s. 1, ch. 59-50.

687.12 Interest rates; parity among licensed lenders or creditors.

(1) Any lender or creditor licensed or chartered under

chapter 516,

chapter 520,

chapter 657,

chapter 658 or former

chapter 659, former

chapter 664 or former

chapter 656,

chapter 665, or

part XV of

chapter 627; any lender or creditor located in this state and licensed or chartered under the laws of the United States and authorized to conduct a lending business; or any lender or creditor lending through a licensee under

part III of

chapter 494, is authorized to charge interest on loans or extensions of credit to any person as defined in s. 1.01, or to any firm or corporation, at the maximum rate of interest permitted by law to be charged on similar loans or extensions of credit made by any lender or creditor in this state, except that the statutes governing the maximum permissible interest rate on any loan or extension of credit, and other statutory restrictions relating thereto, also govern the amount, term, permissible charges, rebate requirements, and restrictions for a similar loan or extension of credit made by any lender or creditor.

(2) This

section shall be construed to permit any lender or creditor which is otherwise authorized to make a particular loan or extension of credit to charge interest at a rate permitted to be charged by other lenders or creditors on similar loans or extensions of credit, but shall not be construed to grant any lender or creditor the power or authority to make any particular type of loan or extension of credit which it is not otherwise authorized to make. For purposes of this section, direct loans for the purchase of goods or services, and extensions of credit for the acquisition of goods or services by the seller or provider thereof, shall be deemed to be similar loans or extensions of credit.

(3) In making loans or extensions of credit, lenders or creditors shall be subject only to the licenses, examinations, regulations, documents, procedures, and disclosures required by the respective laws under which each lender or creditor is licensed or organized, and not to those required by laws governing other lenders or creditors.

(4) In making loans or extensions of credit at a rate of interest that, but for this section, would not be authorized, lenders or creditors shall indicate on the promissory note or other instrument evidencing the loan or extension of credit the specific

chapter of the Florida Statutes authorizing the interest rate charged.

History. — s. 1, ch. 77-371; s. 259, ch. 79-400; s. 474, ch. 81-259; s. 60, ch. 91-245; s. 206, ch. 92-303; s. 69, ch. 2009-241.

687.125 Compounding of interest.

History. — s. 47, ch. 82-214.

687.13 International transactions.

(1) The provisions of this chapter, other than s. 687.071, shall not apply to any loan made by any international bank agency or any bank, including an Edge Act corporation, organized under the laws of the United States or this state to borrowers who are neither residents nor citizens of the United States if such loan is clearly related to, and usual in, international or foreign business.

(2) The provisions of this

chapter shall not apply to any international banking facility “deposit,” “borrowing,” or “extension of credit,” as those terms are defined by the commission pursuant to s. 655.071.

History. — s. 1, ch. 79-138; s. 10, ch. 81-179; s. 1872, ch. 2003-261.

687.14

Definitions.

(1) “Advance fee” means any consideration which is assessed or collected, prior to the closing of a loan, by a loan broker.

(2) “Borrower” means a person obtaining or desiring to obtain a loan of money, a credit card, or a line of credit.

(3) “Commission” means the Financial Services Commission.

(4) “Loan broker” means any person, except any bank or savings and loan association, trust company, building and loan association, credit union, consumer finance company, retail installment sales company, securities broker-dealer, real estate broker or sales associate, attorney, federal Housing Administration or United States Department of Veterans Affairs approved lender, credit card company, installment loan licensee, mortgage broker or lender, or insurance company, provided that the person excepted is licensed by and subject to regulation or supervision of any agency of the United States or this state and is acting within the scope of the license; and also excepting subsidiaries of licensed or chartered consumer finance companies, banks, or savings and loan associations; who:

(5) “Principal” means any officer, director, partner, joint venturer, branch manager, or other person with similar managerial or supervisory responsibilities for a loan broker.

(6) “Office” means the Office of Financial Regulation of the commission.

History. — s. 1, ch. 91-87; s. 35, ch. 93-268; s. 748, ch. 97-102; s. 57, ch. 2003-164; s. 1873, ch. 2003-261.

687.141 Loan brokers; prohibited acts.

(1) Assess or collect an advance fee from a borrower to provide services as a loan broker.

(2) Make or use any false or misleading representations or omit any material fact in the offer or sale of the services of a loan broker or engage, directly or indirectly, in any act that operates or would operate as fraud or deception upon any person in connection with the offer or sale of the services of a loan broker, notwithstanding the absence of reliance by the buyer.

(3) Make or use any false or deceptive representation in its business dealings or to the office or conceal a material fact from the office.

History. — s. 2, ch. 91-87; s. 1874, ch. 2003-261.

687.142 Responsibility of principals.

History. — s. 3, ch. 91-87.

687.143 Loan brokers; investigations; cease and desist orders; administrative fines.

(1) The office may investigate the actions of any person for compliance with this act.

(2) The office may order a loan broker to cease and desist whenever the office determines that the loan broker has violated or is violating or will violate any provision of this act, any rule of the commission, order of the office, or written agreement entered into with the office.

(3) The office may impose and collect an administrative fine against any person found to have violated any provision of this act, any rule of the commission, order of the office, or written agreement entered into with the office in any amount not to exceed $5,000 for each such violation. All fines collected hereunder shall be deposited in the Bureau of Financial Investigations Administrative Trust Fund.

History. — s. 4, ch. 91-87; s. 3, ch. 97-60; s. 1875, ch. 2003-261.

687.144 Investigations; examinations; subpoenas; hearings; witnesses.

(1) The office may make investigations and examinations upon reasonable suspicion within or outside of this state as it deems necessary to determine whether a person has violated or is about to violate any provision of this act or any rule or order promulgated thereunder.

(2) The office may gather evidence in the matter. The office may administer oaths, examine witnesses, and issue subpoenas.

(3) Subpoenas for witnesses whose evidence is deemed material to any investigation or examination may be issued by the office under the seal of the office commanding such witnesses to be or appear before the office at a time and place to be therein named and to bring such books, records, and documents as may be specified or to submit such books, records, and documents to inspection. Such subpoenas may be served by an authorized representative of the office.

(4)(

a) In the event of substantial noncompliance with a subpoena or subpoena duces tecum issued by the office, the office may petition the circuit court of the county in which the person subpoenaed resides or has its principal place of business for an order requiring the person to appear and fully comply with the subpoena.

The court may grant injunctive relief restraining the violation of this act and may grant such other relief, including, but not limited to, the restraint, by injunction or appointment of a receiver, of any transfer, pledge, assignment, or other disposition of such person’s assets or any concealment, alteration, destruction, or other disposition of subpoenaed books, records, or documents, as the court deems appropriate, until such person has fully complied with such subpoena or subpoena duces tecum and the office has completed its investigation or examination. The office is entitled to the

summary procedure provided in s. 51.011, and the court shall advance the cause on its calendar. Costs incurred by the office to obtain an order granting, in whole or in part, such petition for enforcement of a subpoena or subpoena duces tecum shall be taxed against the subpoenaed person, and failure to comply with such order shall be a contempt of court.

(5) Witnesses shall be entitled to the same fees and mileage as they may be entitled by law for attending as witnesses in the circuit court, except where such examination or investigation is held at the place of business or residence of the witness.

(6) The material compiled by the office in an investigation or examination under this act is confidential until the investigation or examination is complete. The investigation or examination is not deemed complete if the office has submitted the material or any part of it to any law enforcement agency or other regulatory agency for further investigation or for the filing of a criminal or civil prosecution and such investigation and prosecution has not been completed or becomes inactive.

History. — s. 5, ch. 91-87; s. 1, ch. 94-262; s. 1876, ch. 2003-261.

687.145 Injunction to restrain violations.

(1) Whenever the office determines, from evidence satisfactory to it, that any person has engaged, is engaged, or is about to engage in

an act or practice constituting a violation of this act or a rule or order promulgated thereunder, the office may bring action in the name and on behalf of the state against such person and any other person concerned in or in any way participating in or about to participate in such practice or engaging therein or doing any act or acts in furtherance thereof or in violation of this act to enjoin the person or persons from continuing the violation or acts in furtherance thereof.

In such court proceedings, the office may apply for and on due showing be entitled to have issued, the court’s subpoena requiring the appearance of any defendant and his or her employees or agents, and the production of documents, books, and records that may appear necessary for the hearing of such petition, to testify or give evidence concerning the acts or conduct or things complained of in such application for injunction.

(2) In addition to all other means provided by law for the enforcement of any temporary restraining order, temporary injunction, or permanent injunction issued in such court proceedings, the court shall have the power and jurisdiction, upon application of the office, to impound and to appoint a receiver or administrator for the property, assets, and business of the defendant, including, but not limited to, the books, records, documents, and papers appertaining thereto.

Such receiver or administrator, when appointed and qualified, shall have all powers and duties as to custody, collection, administration, winding up, and liquidation of said property and business as shall from time to time be conferred upon him or her by the court.

In such action, the court may issue orders and decrees staying all pending suits and enjoining any further suits affecting the receiver’s or administrator’s custody or possession of the said property, assets, and business or, in its discretion, may, with the consent of the presiding judge of the circuit, require that all such suits be assigned to the circuit court judge appointing the said receiver or administrator.

(3) In addition to any other remedies provided by this act, the office may apply to the court hearing this matter for an order of restitution whereby the defendants in such action shall be ordered to make restitution of those sums shown by the office to have been obtained by them in violation of any of the provisions of this act. Such restitution shall, at the option of the court, be payable to the administrator or receiver appointed pursuant to this

section or directly to the persons whose assets were obtained in violation of this act.

History. — s. 6, ch. 91-87; s. 749, ch. 97-102; s. 1877, ch. 2003-261.

687.146 Criminal penalties.

History. — s. 7, ch. 91-87.

687.147 Actions for damages.

(1) Any borrower injured by a violation of this act may bring an action for recovery of damages. Judgment shall be entered for actual damages, but in no case less than the amount paid by the borrower to the loan broker, plus reasonable attorney’s fees and costs. An award may also be entered for punitive damages.

(2) Any borrower injured by a violation of this act may bring an action against the surety bond or trust account, if any, of the loan broker.

(3) The remedies provided under this act are in addition to any other procedures or remedies for any violation or conduct provided for in any other law.

History. — s. 8, ch. 91-87.

687.148 Duties and powers of the commission and office.

(1) The office is responsible for the administration and enforcement of this act.

(2) The commission may adopt such rules as it may deem necessary in the administration of this act and not inconsistent therewith.

History. — s. 9, ch. 91-87; s. 1878, ch. 2003-261.